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![]() The cart was awarded patent number 2,196,914 on Ap(Filing date: March 14, 1938), titled, "Folding Basket Carriage for Self-Service Stores". Another mechanic, Arthur Kosted, developed a method to mass-produce the carts by inventing an assembly line capable of forming and welding the wire. They built it with a metal frame and added wheels and wire baskets. With the assistance of a mechanic named Fred Young, Goldman constructed the first shopping cart, basing his design on that of a wooden folding chair. He introduced the device on June 4, 1937, in the Humpty Dumpty supermarket chain in Oklahoma City, of which he was the owner. ![]() See also: Shopping cart § Development of first shopping cart by Sylvan Goldman Concerned with alleviating the difficulty women had with the self-serve concept as they often had to handle both the shopping basket and children, he developed what was to become the shopping cart. In 1943, Sylvan merged the two brands into one company: Standard-Humpty Dumpty. ![]() They soon implemented the lessons they had learned in Tulsa and with their profits purchased the faltering Humpty-Dumpty grocery store chain in 1934. Despite reaping a generous and timely sum from the Safeway sale, Goldman and his brother lost much of their fortune in the crash and being banned from competing with Safeway in Tulsa due to a non-competition agreement, they moved to Oklahoma City where they purchased five grocery stores and formed a new company called Standard Grocery. ![]() In 1929, they sold the Sun chain to Skaggs-Safeway Stores several months before the Stock Market Crash of 1929. Within three years, they had fifty-five stores. Within one year, they were operating twenty-one Sun Grocery markets throughout the state. They opened their first store on April 3, 1920, at 1403 East Fifteenth Street in Tulsa, Oklahoma, with Sylvan serving as president and Alfred as vice president. Accepting the generous offer and armed with an understanding of a new store concept that they had seen in California, the "supermarket" – where all different types of food were available for sale in a single store and customers served themselves – they returned to Oklahoma and founded the state's first supermarket, the Sun Grocery Company. The uncles offered to put up all the money as well as to cede the brothers a 75% interest in the venture. Initially planning on opening their own wholesale food business in California, they instead returned to Oklahoma at the behest of their uncles who wanted to start their own retail food store chain. The brothers then moved to California, where they worked for grocery wholesalers. They were initially very successful due to the then oil boom in Texas, but their situation quickly deteriorated once the boom ended. Career Īfter the war, in 1919, Sylvan and his brother Alfred opened the Goldman Brothers Wholesale Fruits and Produce in Breckenridge, Texas. Goldman was not educated past the eighth grade. His brother served in the US Army but was discharged for health reasons. Goldman served in World War I as a food requisitionist in France. Sylvan learned the retail trade from his father and his mother's uncles. Sylvan was raised in the Jewish faith and was bar mitzvahed. ![]() His father worked at various dry goods stores owned by his wife's family, one of which was located in Indian territory where Sylvan was born. His mother had emigrated from France and his father from Latvia. Early life īorn Sylvan Nathan Goldman to a Jewish family, the son of Hortense (née Dreyfus) and Michael Goldman, in Ardmore, Oklahoma. His design had a pair of large wire baskets connected by tubular metal arms with four wheels. Sylvan Nathan Goldman (Novem– November 25, 1984) was an American businessman and inventor of the shopping cart. ![]() ![]() ![]() In this work, an important theme is that the war was a contest to transform “economic resources into military capability.” Five categories of resources are considered: “raw materials,” “foodstuffs,” “national infrastructure,” “labor force,” and “political will.” Burning such a wide range of fuels meant that the machine of war had a totalizing effect: no one could escape the heat of “mass, industrialized warfare, culminating in the creation of nuclear weapons.” Concerning Midway, Murray and Millett write that the American victory was the result of several factors. “As the construction figures indicate,” says Weinberg, “there was no way the Japanese could defeat the United States.” Īnother account to consider is Williamson Murray and Allan Millett, A War to be Won (2000). ![]() The more relevant factor is the scale of American industrial power. All are moments when “the Allies had won a victory that the Axis could hardly reverse.” Yet, Midway ultimately decides or reveals very little. From Weinberg’s perspective, the German and Japanese advance is halted between “December 1941 to November 1942.” The Battle of Midway features as a signal event in this chapter, along with Stalin’s defense of Moscow and Montgomery’s victory at El Alamein. Consider Gerhard Weinberg’s, A World at Arms (first published in 1994, then republished in 2005, and reprinted in 2018). IĪccounts of the Second World War tend to describe its outcome as the result of what took place after Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939 or, in the case of the United States, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The pilots of the Dauntless, as I will show in this essay, were much the same they too were the product of a peacetime Navy. ![]() Designed by Ed Heinemann at Douglas Aircraft in El Segundo, California, from 1934 until 1938, the first Dauntless planes were delivered to the navy in 1940, well in advance of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the moment which is conventionally regarded as the US entry into the war. Brendan Simms and I examine the first part of this winning combination, the Douglas SBD Dauntless, in an upcoming book ( The Silver Waterfall, 2022). ![]() For it was the peacetime navy which developed the planes, pilots, ships, and ordinance which delivered the fatal blows against the Japanese at the Battle of Midway. However, an important if not sufficient explanation for the US victory is the pre-war preparation of the US Navy during peacetime. Another US advantage was radar, a technology that the Japanese lacked, and which allowed for a vastly improved defense against aerial attack. To begin with, it had intercepted and partially decoded Japanese radio communications which revealed the date and time of the Imperial Navy’s attack on Midway. Yet, it must also be said that the United States had major advantages. Finally, their damage control measures were not robust enough to handle the large fires that eventually caused the destruction of their aircraft carriers: Kaga, Akagi, Soryu, and Hiryu. Then, as the battle unfolded, their reconnaissance was also like their overall defensive posture: hasty and inadequate. For instance, prior to the battle, their rehearsals confirmed rather than challenged their tactical abilities. Mistakes made by the Japanese certainly factored in the outcome. There are many explanations for the victory of the United States against the Japanese at the Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942. ![]() ![]() ![]() As a military man, Stann was well aware of the importance of preparation so he puts in pain staking hours to make sure he was really ready for the task at hand, breaking down fights and doing interviews on camera.įOX also took notice because his work was so good he got pulled from UFC duties and put on the college football circuit for a year to further hone his craft. While Stann's work calling boxing may have gone largely unnoticed, his appearances on UFC broadcasts and doing analyst work caught everybody's attention as he was well spoken, comfortable on television and most of all he was prepared for anything that got thrown at him. Following the UFC's historic multiyear deal with FOX to broadcast shows on a slew of different networks, Stann ran into one executive who saw something special brewing under the surface that could make him a top notch commentator.Ī few weeks later, Stann was strapping on the headset and calling fights for the first time in his life. ![]() While fighting in the WEC, Stann was often regarded as one of the best interviews in the sport, colorful and always very analytical with breaking down fights and other fighters. Stann always had the gift for gab and he often used that to promote charities and work he was doing with the troops following his heroic stint as a U.S. Chances are you'll also see UFC color commentator Brian Stann somewhere close by, chatting up all of those fighters, coaches and trainers, usually with a grin plastered across his face as he quizzes them on the battle ahead and what to look forward to on fight night.Įven before he was retired from active competition, Stann was looking ahead to what might come next in his career and it didn't take long for him to figure out that talking about sports was something that came very natural to him. If you happen to wander through the host hotel during UFC fight week, you'll generally catch any number of fighters, coaches and managers traipsing through the hallways or standing in the lobby awaiting a bus to arrive or maybe picking up food for the days ahead. ![]() |
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